795B.00/6-252: Telegram
The Chargé in Korea (Lightner) to the Department of State
top secret
niact
Pusan, June 3, 1952-1 a.m.
1243. Definitely no distribution outside Dept and please no reference to this message in subsequent telegrams. Ref Embtel 1241, June 2.
註01
In conversation with UNCURK and myself prior to meeting with Rhee, General Clark pointed out our government frequently had to deal with dictatorial regimes, that recent revolution in Cuba had not led to any US intervention, and that we might well have to swallow pride here in Korea and go on working with Rhee even after watching him overthrow democracy. As indicated in reference telegram, Clark stressed fact troops simply could not be taken from front or from Kojedo or elsewhere in Far East to bring to Pusan and real threat to military operations would have to occur before such action could be considered. He wished UNCURK and Embassy well in efforts in political realm to stop Rhee but made it clear UNC not likely to be able to assist for reasons mentioned above.
Plimsoll recognized usefulness having Clark today approach matter from military angle but also pointed out long-term significance of whole situation here if political efforts failed and nothing further done to prevent Rhee accomplishing his purposes. Plimsoll went on that the very elements on whom UN depended to build up democratic state were being persecuted and many might lose their lives before it was over, that he was convinced establishment of Rhee tyranny would be end of all hopes for democracy here and that country wld be Communist in short time. He could not comment on availability of forces which was wholly military matter but believed further efforts should be made at once of stronger nature than those used to date. He asked General Clark if he thought economic sanctions might be tried. Clark agreed and said this and all future steps were not in his field and he did not want to discuss them.
I suggested that there was one step that had been suggested in UNCURK meeting recently which did involve the military which I thought shld be briefly discussed. I referred to informal query by National Assembly opposition leaders regarding resolution requesting protection of members and meetings by UN.
General Clark, who had read Deptel 899, June 1,
註02 just before the conference, stated UNCURK obviously in no position to provide protection and undoubtedly any protection this nature wld have to be furnished by UN forces not now available in Pusan. Even if Assembly passed resolution and UNCURK recommended its implementation, his position wld have to be that troops necessary to carry it out not available. Clark reiterated he did not want to discuss future steps at this time and in any case he thought principal recommendations shld come from UNCURK and Embassy.
In outlining what he planned to tell Rhee he stated he wld not put himself in position which UNCURK and Embassy were in, of taking strong exception to President’s action in political field, as he did not wish to invite recriminations.
He was going to Pres as a friend to point out his concern as commander in chief that deteriorating situation cld endanger the success of military operations in Korea, have world-wide repercussions that cld result in United Nations withdrawing support, which cld be exploited by Communist forces and finally cld have disturbing effect on Pusan supply operations. He intended then to express hope for continuing ROK support of the war effort. (No specific mention that Rhee shld compose differences or objection that Rhee had failed lift martial law in defiance National Assembly, cabinet, UNCURK and US Govt or statement that he supported UNCURK statement.)
Clark asked what he shld tell press after interview, suggesting he merely indicate that he was seeing the Pres in connection with possible repercussions in military field of present political crisis. Plimsoll asked if correspondent questioned him as to attitude UNCURK statement whether he cld not reply that he supported it and Gen Clark said he wld be glad to do that.
After meeting with UNCURK I had few minutes with Clark alone and saw prepared written statement along lines outlined above which he planned give Rhee. I told Clark while agreeing his approach shld be from military angle that I had impression State Dept at least considered his representations today as part of series diplomatic approaches and expected him to lend his weight to approaches already made. He asked to see UNCURK statement of May 28
註03 and Embassy’s letter of May 30
註04 and after reading them and my stressing fact Embassy letter represented views of US Govt, Clark agreed that he wld begin his statement to Rhee along fol lines:
“While thoroughly endorsing UNCURK’s statement and US Govt position as conveyed by Embassy, I am approaching the problem in this meeting with you today from point of view of its effects on the military situation”. He also said that he wld not present his prepared written statement to Rhee in view of this addition.
Clark explained that he thought it best that I not accompany him and Gen Van Fleet. Col Hensey who carried his papers apparently did attend meeting. I had previously conveyed Muccio’s suggestion that PM and Ministers of Home Affairs and Defense be present at interview and reasons therefor. Clark turned this suggestion down as he felt meeting shld be very small one and that he preferred to talk with the Pres only.
Gens were in hurry proceed Koje-do after meeting and I had only very brief fill-in. Clark reiterated what he told Rhee (along lines above) and few other details already reported in reftel. With entire emphasis on not hurting war effort, Pres was able to give full assurances ROK soldiers at front lines need not be concerned and no question of withdrawing any to Pusan, all troubles shld be over soon and gens have no cause to worry (whole meeting very friendly and cordial). Gen Van Fleet mentioned to me necessity of getting along with govt of whatever complexion and mentioned something about reports he received which differed from Embassy’s regarding character and competence of Yi Pom-Suk.
A few correspondents were at air strip and Clark had only few minutes with them. According to one of them Clark said UNC concerned lest happenings Pusan affect front. In reply to questions he said made no demands but laid all cards on table, Rhee in congenial mood, on whole I feel relieved; fully support previous UNCURK and US Govt moves.
Since I did not get very far in discussing with Clark substance Deptel 899 (although part of reply is contained above), I shall discuss possible future courses of action with Plimsoll and reply shortly. However, probably will not have much to add to suggestions already advanced. One thing is clear-today’s approach had very little if any effect. What I fear is that Rhee came away with added confirmation his theory that no matter what he does US/UN will remain aloof. Any appearance of weakness on our part at this time will only encourage him and make possibility of his backing down more remote.
Lightner