REPORT OF THE MEETING HELD BETWEEN THE UNCURK COMMISSION AND PRESIDENT RHEE, AT KYUNGMUDAI, at 9:00A.M. MAY 29th.
(Also present: Ministers of Home Affairs and Defense and Martial Law Commander, General Won Yong Duk)
President Rhee opened the meeting by saying that he had received their letter the previous night, had read it, and would answer the points raised in it in writing.
Mr. Plimsoll said that their letter contained all the points that the Commission wished to make. He also said that the Commission was supporting the ROK Government in its efforts in the war. He then asked, “I wonder if you can tell us if martial law is being lifted?”
President Rhee replied: “It will in just a matter of a few days, until order can be restored. I think that the general feeing of the public is quite upset. You are not in a position to know the extent of the agitation out in the provinces demanding the dissolution of Congress. I want to prevent any undue pressures. In several weeks it will all be quieted down.
Mr. Bueno asked if by “agitation” the President was referring to the recent local elections. The President replied no, that the mounting popular pressures have been developing over a period of several months. He then reviewed the influx of petitions and the mass demonstrations which have held, concluding: “The people all want to come down here to Pusan to protest; it would cause riots and be very embarrassing. General Van Fleet was here yesterday and he realizes the necessity of continuing martial law. Communist guerrillas are trying to take advantage of the disturbances. He must keep peace and ■…■.
The Dutch member asked the President review his discussions with Van Fleet for the benefit of the Commission. President Rhee replied that the main point he stressed with Van Fleet was that since martial law went into effect the demonstrators have been brought under control. The President than spoke at length, reviewing his interpretation of the situation; his main points were: “The basic principle of the Constitution is that the power of government lies with the people ... Diehards of the DNF and recalcitrant members of the Assembly have ganged up for their own selfish reasons ... We are trying to clear up these things ... Every case will receive a public, open trial ... One Congressman has already voluntarily come to the Home Ministry and confessed voluntarily ... All that we are concerned with is that the Congress has been and is ignoring the will of the people; there have been piles and piles of documents recalling the Congressmen. We are hoping that the Congressman will realize the situation and change their attitude ... I don’t intend to run so long as the people are given the chance to elect the President. Therefore, we are trying to uphold the will of the people. I told the demonstrators: ‘The Government is your government; if the President should go against the will of the people, you would have every right to disqualify him; you have the right to change the entire government if it no longer obeys you; if you don’t, a wealthy secret group will usurp your government and it is up to you to exercise your power.’ ... Congress’s right to elect the President is only ■…■chnical right ... Basic is the will of the people; the people themselves ■…■ise their sovereign right.”
The President then ■…■ical parallel of the last king of the Yi Dynasty. He ■…■ that within a couple of weeks everything ■…■ don’t believe in the will of the pe■…■ them and find out at fir■…■ting anywhere at any time for you. I give you my word of honor that in a couple of weeks all will be revealed as clear as daylight.”
Mr. Bueno asked: "Is it your feeling that the present National Assembly doest not reflect the will of the people?” The President answered: “A small group is trying to oppose the will of the people. They hold a majority in Congress right now.”
The Dutch member then said: “This Commission is not here to criticize solely. On the contrary, I have much personal admiration for you. You will go down in history as the ‘grand old man of Korea.’ But I must ask you, in your opinion do you consider all the people belonging to the opposition as being traitors?” The President replied: “I am opposed to them not because they are against me, but because they are ignoring the will of the people. It is widely known that they have been buying and selling votes. The struggle is really between the National Assembly and the people, not between the National Assembly and me. I must support the people in this struggle.”
The Dutch member then asked: “Is the entire opposition group traitorous? Or are there some who are good Koreans, but who nevertheless disagree with the Administration? The President replied by saying: “I once again urge you to visit the people out in the country. We are not trying to crush the opposition. Any Congress which ignores the will of the people has no leg to stand upon.”
The Dutch member asked: “In the past, legislatures by vote have changed the government; was that illegal? President Rhee: “If the people say no, yes such action is illegal.”
The Dutch member requested: “This Commission would appreciate it if your Ministers would give time and access to the government position and cases.” President Rhee replied: “Yes. We *will* are now making photostatic copies. Our opponents are spreading all kinds of false rumors. I have to take this challenge up, despite my health and desire for private life. It is my whole life’s work to establish a democratic government. Before I leave, I want to show my people how to have a real, responsible government. I assure you that not a single Congressman will be arrested without just cause and evidence.” He then went on to clarify the incident of the “impounded Assembly bus.”
Mr. Bueno said: “We ask these questions only in our efforts to assess the facts. The President replied: “We are trying to cooperate with you. My request is that you be a little more patient with us. It is my determination to fight this out and the whole nation is behind me.”
Mr. Plimsoll concluded the meeting with this statement; “I still must say that I am still not pleased with the situation. I am not taking any position on the proposed amendment. I am afraid that my views now are still those as contained in last night’s letter.”