May 28, 1952
My dear Mr. Ambassador:
I am glad to receive your letter and to learn that you have arrived safely in Washington. It is very good of you to grant me this opportunity to express my views regarding the current political disturbance in Pusan.
First of all, I would like to point out that my entire life has been devoted to achieving the goal of a free, democratic, and independent Korea. Throughout the world, my lifelong struggle against tyranny in every form -- whether it be Fascism, Japanese imperialism, or Communism -- is widely known and recognized. No one has ever, or could ever, accuse me of coddling or compromising with anyone or any group which is undemocratic.
This unrelenting opposition to tyrants and corruption has naturally created some bitter enemies. As you know, I have some personal enemies of long-standing who have grouped together illegally with the sole purpose of discrediting and undermining me -- even if they have to tear down the whole constitutional government of the Korean Republic in order to do so. They have now resorted to widespread character assassination stories, groundless rumors, and acceptance of large amounts of bribe money.
The aim of this group is to seize complete control of the National Assembly, organizing a Cabinet and electing a President subject to their control, and thereby ultimately take over the entire Government -- putting the whole nation under the control of a small minority secret group.
However, our people cannot be fooled; they know the intentions of this power-hungry group. The nation seeks to prevent their seizing power by insisting that the Constitution be amended so as to provide for the direct, popular election of the President and a bicameral legislature so as to uphold the will of the people. Only in this way can we have a government of, by, and for the people. Petitions have been received from hundreds of election districts throughout the country which demand that their representatives in the National Assembly accede to their wishes. Some Assemblymen have totally ignored the demands of their constituents. This is the fundamental cause of the unrest and resentment on the part of our people; the agitation which has been growing for months finally resulted in a public demonstration last week. The indignation of the people was fanned to a red-hot degree by the National Assembly’s passage of resolution ordering the release of Soh Min Ho, the Congressman who had shot and killed an army officer, and when freed attended the sessions daily.
The growing intensity of these popular demonstrations, plus increased communist guerrilla activity near Pusan, caused the Cabinet to consider it necessary to declare martial law. Since the declaration of martial law, peace and order has been restored. In regard to the perhaps confusing incident of the “impounded Bus”, I call your attention to the attached statement of Gen. Won Yong Duk, which is fully explanatory.
Upon investigation, it will be discovered that reports reaching you to the effect that officials of this government have used “force and coercion” are malicious and false. The burden of proof really rests upon those Congressmen who have engaged in secret plottings and who have accepted large sums of money to ignore and violate the expressed will of the people.
The voters insist upon their rights to withdraw their recalcitrant representatives so that the people will be able to govern their own country. I am responsible to the Korean people, not to the National Assembly when the Assembly goes against the people. I have literally piles of voluntarily signed documents begging me to settle this grave question immediately. If the National Assembly refuses to respond to the wishes of the people who had elected them, then democracy is lost in Korea. It is my sole purpose to support the people by putting this Government on a firm democratic foundation. It is my solemn duty to both maintain law and order and guerantee a ■■re■■ment responsible to the people. This situation will be settled in a few weeks by open public trials, and the principle of democracy be put in practice.
Knowing that you understand and agree to my philosophy and my basic position, I remain,
Cordially yours,
The Honorable John J. Muccio, Ambassador of the United States of America, Pusan, Korea.