포로신문
보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2884　13 January 1951

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS Special Report – 0329)　30 December 1950

PW was very well educated, intelligent and very cooperative. His judgement of distances and directions was fair. Memory – good. Reliability – Good.

May 44 – 15 Aug 45 – Enlisted in the Japanese Army (Inactive Reserve) Did no duty. Stayed at home and helped his father in farming.

15 Aug 45 – 25 Dec 45 – A Security Unit of approx 70 men, organized for defense of the village of TUNHUA (敦化).

Feb 46 – All Security Units of the province organized into a defense unit in TUNHWA (敦化).

Jun 46 – Defense unit redesignated the NORTH-EASTERN ALLIED DEMOCRATIC UNIT 6TH REGT (CCF) (東北民主聯軍 第六聯隊). PW’s duty was chief of supply section.

Jan 48 – All Regts of the MANCHURIA Allied Democratic Unit assembled at CHIUTAI (九台) and formed the NORTH-EASTERN PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY 6TH DIVISION (東北人民解放軍 第六師団) PW’s duty was chief of battalion supply section.

Jan 48 – 24 Oct 48 – Fought the Chinese Nationalist Army between CHANGCHUN(長春) and CHILIN(吉林).

24 Oct 48 - 6th Div redesignated CHINESE PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY CORPS, 4TH ARMY GROUP, 43RD ARMY, 156TH DIV (467TH REGT) (中國人民解放軍 第四軍団 第四三団 一五六師團) at HEISHAN (黒山). PW’s duty was chief of Regimental Supply Section.

26 Oct 48 – Departed for TIENTSIN(天津) area.

28 Nov 48 – Arrived TIENTSIN area. Engaged in training.

27 Feb 49 - 43rd Army started to march NANCHANG (南昌).

16 Jun 49 – Arrived NANCHANG (南昌) via KAIFENG (開封). Guarded the city.

1 Feb 50 – At NANCHANG all Koreans were assembled and sent to CHENGCHOU (鄭州).

5 Feb 50 – With 5,000 Koreans, arrived CHENGCHOU. Organized the Ind 15th Div, Strength – 20,000. PW’s unit was 2nd Regt, 15th Div.

18 Mar 50 - 15th Div departed CHENGCHOU. Crossed YALO River at SINUIJU (新義州)

4th Field Army, 15th Group, 43rd Army, 156th Div, 467th Regt.

Rifle Company: (See Chart 1)

Personnel:

Pistols included American, Japanese, Czechoslovakian and Chinese makes. All sub-machine guns were U.S. Rifles were mostly U.S. M-1 and a few Japanese Model 38 and Model 99. There were a few Japanese Model 44 carbines. There were approx 400 hand grenades, potato masher type, in the company.

Heavy Weapons Company:

Personnel: Number of personnel and rank in the heavy weapons company was approx the same as a rifle company. The HMG or 60mm mortar platoon corresponds closely in organization to the rifle platoon.

Equipment:

6 HMGs – U.S. Water cooled 30 Cal. and Japanese Model 92 air cooled.

6 60mm Mortars – U.S. made.

Note: PW states that the Chinese have copied and are now producing the 60mm mortar in HARBIN, MANCHURIA. Ammunition is also manufactured in HARBIN.

18 Horses

Personnel arms consisted of the same types as the rifle company.

Battalion:

The CCF Infantry Battalion consists of a Bn Hq, three rifle companies and one heavy weapons company.

Bn Hq

Infantry Regiment CCF (See chart 2)

Consists of Regt Staff Section, 3 Infantry Battalions, 1 Signal and Recon Company, 1 Medical Section, 1 Supply Section, 1 82mm Mortar Company, 1 45mm AT Company and 1 Guard Company.

Regt Staff: (Consists of Staff Section & Political Section)

a) Staff Section:

Operations Section: 3 Officers – 1 EM

1 Major: Operations Officer

1 Capt: Ass’t Operations Officer

1 Sr Lt: Operations Staff Officer

The operations section assists the regimental commander in tactical operations. All plans for operations were prepared in detail by this section.

Recon Section: 3 Officers – 1 EM

1 Capt: Recon Officer

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Recon Officer

1 Lt:

The recon section receives orders from the regimental commander through the operations officer. If the orders require that a physical recon be made, one of the officers, using the regimental recon and signal company, makes the recon and reports back to the operations officer. This section is regimental commander’s only agency for collecting tactical information.

Signal Section: 3 Officers – 1 EM

1 Capt: Regt Signal Officer

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Regt Signal Officer

1 Lt

Responsible for the establishment of wire communication within the regiment.

Administration Section: 6 Officers – 19 EM

The administration of an infantry regiment is divide into two sections. One section deals only with the infantry battalions, the other with the mortar company, AT company, guard company and the signal and recon company.

1 Major: Political Indoctrination Officer for all except the infantry battalions.

1 Capt: Administrative Officer for the infantry battalions.

2 Sr Lts: 1 Ass’t Administrative Officer for the infantry battalions.

1 Administrative Officer for all units except the infantry battalions.

2 Lts: 1 Administrative Staff Officer

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

The two administrative sections are responsible for all administration within the regiment and are also associated with the political section. The political officer of the administrative section is also a member of the political section.

Personnel Section: 3 Officers – 1 EM

1 Capt: Personnel Officer

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Personnel Officer

1 Lt:

Responsible for assignment of personnel within the regiment.

b) Political Section:

Military Police Section: 4 Officers – 1 EM

1 Major: Provost Marshal

1 Capt: Ass’t Provost Marshal

2 Sr Lts: Administrative Officers

Responsible for security measures within the regiment. All anti-communists affairs were investigated and taken care of by this section, including unfavorable rumors, disaffected personnel, etc.

Political Section: 4 Officers – 1 EM

1 Capt: Regt Political Officer

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Regt Political Officer

2 Lts: Political Officers

Responsible for proper dissemination of political information to lower units.

Propaganda Section: 5 Officers – 19 EM

1 Capt: Regt Propaganda Officer

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Propaganda Officer

3 Lts: Propaganda Officers

Responsible for cultural affairs, recreation and political propaganda. Political propaganda was used in the following manner:

When a unit occupied a new town or city, the propaganda section told the civilians that they were fighting for the liberation of the poor and for an equal status for all. In turn, the propaganda section told the soldiers that the local people were sympathetic to their cause and were glad to have them in the community.

Another function of the propaganda section was to use any act of bravery or an act of kindness as a weapon to exhort other men. If a man performed bravely in combat the propaganda section wrote an account of it and circulated it among all the troops. In this manner they hoped to arouse other men to try to equal or better the performance.

Mobilization Section: 4 Officers – 1 EM

1 Capt: Section Chief

1 Sr Lt: Ass’t Section Chief

2 Lts: Mobilization Staff

In wartime, especially during combat, this section mobilized the civilians to act as stretcher bearers, first aid personnel, evacuation and burial parties. Civilians were also used to cook meals and carry meals to soldiers who were on outpost, etc.

This section, in conjunction with the propaganda section, in peacetime, acted as advance parties and were responsible for acquiring billets, food and civilian laborers. Civilian laborers were utilized to cook food, heat water for baths, carry equipment and any other work which might exist. This section also procured any type of transportation which it could find, such as, oxen, horses, horse carts, etc. There was no motor transportation.

When the regiment occupied a new area, this section confiscated food from the rich and middle class farmers and made an equal distribution throughout the regiment. When equipment, such as kitchen utensils, straw bags, etc were desired from poor people or small land owners, certificates were given stating that the material would be returned at a later date.

The propaganda section and the mobilization section worked in close conjunction at all times. One example of this is:

Within the propaganda section was a unit responsible for putting on shows or plays. They did this on the march, in order to cheer up the troops, and also in villages during stop-overs. In the village shows it was very common to exemplify a soldier who had distinguished himself in combat. They pictured him first in civilian life under imperialistic rule. They explained how he was beaten down, had no chance to rise in the world and had to stay poor forever. They then showed him after he had been “liberated” by the CCF. He was then well fed, given opportunity for advancement, etc. At this time the mobilization section was always on hand to sign up any person who might desire the same opportunity to advance. In this manner the CCF tried to give the impression that they were truly the “Peoples’ Liberation Army.”

Regt Recon & Signal Company

8 Officers – 125-135 EM

The recon and signal company is under the direct control of the regimental commander and consits of a recon platoon, signal platoon, infantry signal platoon and supply platoon.

2 Sr Lts: Company Commander

Political Officer

2Lts: Ass’t Company Commander

Ass’t Political Officer

4 Jr Lts: 1 Cultural Leader

1 Recon Platoon Leader

1 Signal (wire) Platoon Leader

1 Infantry Signal Platoon Leader

The signal (wire) platoon was responsible for telephone communication within the regiment. The infantry signal platoon was used for delivering written messages or used at times as messengers when wire communication was disrupted.

Regt Guard Company

Similar in organization, strength, etc. to the signal and recon company and directly under the control of the regimental commander. Weapons included U.S. M-1 and Japanese Model 99 rifles and U.S. sub-machine guns. Guard company personnel were used for security of the non-tactical units within the regiment.

45 mm AT Company

The At company was under the direct control of the battalion commander. Similar in organization and strength to the Guard company.

Consisted of one 45mm AT platoon, one infantry platoon, one howitzer platoon and one supply platoon.

Weapons included: Two 45mm AT guns – U.S.

Three Infantry Battalion Howitzers Model 92 Japanese horse drawn. Actually the unit was short of weapons.

Personal arms included Japanese Model 99 rifles and German, Russian, Japanese, U.S. and Chinese pistols. There were not enough weapons to equip each man with an assigned weapon.

82mm Company

Similar in organization and strength to the AT company and directly under the control of the regimental commander.

Weapons: Nine mortars are authorized in the company, however, there were only six.

Three 81mm U.S. Mortars

Three 82mm M1936 Mortars (North Korean Army Pamphlet)

Personnel weapons were the same as in the AT company.

Regt Medical Section

12 Officers – 63 EM

The regiment medical section consists of one medical section, one medical aid section, one stretcher platoon and one supply platoon.

1 Major: Section Chief (Medical Doctor)

1 Capt: Ass’t Section Chief (Medical Doctor)

1 Sr Lt. Administrative Officer

4 Lts or Sr Lts: Doctors

1 Lt: Political Indoctrination Officer

1 Jr Lt: First Aid Section Leader

1 Jr Lt: Stretcher Platoon Leader

1 Jr Lt: Interne

1 Jr Lt: Pharmacist

Medical Section: 6 Officers – 2 EM

The medical section included 4 doctors, an interne and a pharmacist. They treated all patients at the regimental aid station. During combat, the doctors in this section were assigned to battalions as battalion surgeons.

First Aid Section: 1 Officer – 10 EM

This section operated the regimental aid station in peacetime and operated battalion aid stations during combat.

Stretcher Platoon: 1 Officer – 36 EM

The stretcher platoon, with the aid of local civilians, was responsible for the evacuation of all sick and wounded men from the battle area. If a person’s wounds were slight he was evacuated to the regimental aid station. Those with more severe wounds were evacuated to the division or Army hospital. Most wounded were evacuated on foot but, if wounds were of a critical nature, a horse-cart or ambulance was used.

Supply Platoon: 2 Officers – 15 EM

1 Sr Lt: Administrative Officer

1 Lt: Political Indoctrination Officer

The platoon was divided into two squads, one mess and one communication. Supply platoons, as they were called, operated the same in nearly all units. The communication squad is made up of enlisted men who are used mainly as messengers. The mess squad was responsible for the preparation of food for the medical section and the patients being treated in the aid station.

Medical Supplies:

The shortage of medical supplies and equipment was very critical. Prior to 1948, all medical supplies were Japanese. After that time they were Russian made. Some U.S. medicine was captured from the Nationalist Troops.

Regt Supply Section (See Chart 8)

30 Officers – 136 EM

1 Major:　Section Chief

1 Capt:　 Ass’t Section Chief

4 Sr Lts:　Finance Officer

Food Supply Section Leader

Ammunition & Clothing Section Leader

Administrative Officer

7 Lts:　　 2 Accountants

2 Food Supply Section Administrative Officers

2 Ammunition & Clothing Section Adm Officers

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

17 Jr Lts: 1 Cashier (Finance Section)

1 Food Supply Section Warehouse Officer

6 Food Supply Officers

2 Ammo & Clothing Section Warehouse Officers

6 Ammo & Clothing Supply Officers

1 Transportation Platoon Leader

Finance Section: 4 Officers

The finance section is responsible for drawing funds from division finance and paying the men and officers of the regiment. In addition, it supplies funds for the purchase of fresh vegetables and other food items while in the field.

Food Supply Section: 10 Officers – No EM

All food is distributed in the regiment by this section after it is drawn from division stores. Food is purchased by the section with the funds which are provided for by the finance section.

Ammunition and Clothing Section: 11 Officers – No EM

This section is divided into two smaller sections, one weapons and ammunition and the clothing section. The weapons and ammunition section draw its supplies from the division supply units and issue them to the regiment. The clothing section is also responsible for such expendable supplies as paper, pencil, etc.

Transportation Platoon: 1 Officer – 36 EM

This platoon is divided into three squads. It furnishes transportation for all units of the regiment and does all the hauling of ammunition, food, etc. The T/E for this platoon calls for two trucks and eighteen horse-carts. However, no trucks were issued to the platoon.

Regimental Security Measures:

In order to conceal the identity of units in combat, only the officers were supposed to know the numerical designation of the regiments. It was common practice in the CCF to use a different code number for each campaign. These code numbers were assigned by the division commander. During combat, the separate regiment of the division was also assigned a code number. The regular regimental number was never changed and was never revealed to the enlisted men.

i.e. The 466th, 467th and 468th regiments of the 156th division were assigned the following code numbers for one campaign: 61st unit, 62nd unit and 63rd unit. At the close of the campaign, the numbers were dropped and new ones were assigned at the start of the next campaign. The designations are changed by the division commander.

Infantry Division CCF

The CCF Infantry Division consists of three numbered infantry regiments and one separate regiment which is not numbered except for specific campaigns.

Separate Regiment:

Consists of a staff section, which is similar to the regular regimental staff, recon company, engineer battalion, signal company, medical section, supply section, artillery battalion and a guard battalion. All units in the separate regiment are under the direct control of the division commander.

Division Reconnaissance Company

The same strength and organization as a rifle company. Personnel are armed with two weapons, a pistol and either a Japanese Model 44 carbine or a Japanese Model 99 rifle. Orders may reach the recon company commander from two different sources. Either directly from the division commander or from the recon staff sections of the separate regiment. The recon company has about 30 horses which are the sole means of transportation. These horses are primarily used for mounted reconnaissance.

Division Supply Section

42 Officers – 175 EM

2 Lt Cols: 1 Section Chief

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

6 Majors: 1 Ass’t Section Chief

1 Ass’t Political Indoctrination Officer

1 Finance Section Chief

1 Food Supply Section Chief

1 Wpns, Ammo, Clothing Section Chief

1 Administrative Officer

3 Capts:　1 Ass’t Finance Section Chief

1 Ass’t Food Supply Section Chief

1 Ass’t Wpns, Ammo, Clothing Section Chief

9 Sr Lts:　3 Accountants – Finance Section

2 Food Supply Section Administrative Officers

2 Ammo, Wpns, Clothing Section Adm Officers

1 Transportation Company Commander

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

2 Lts: 　　1 Ass’t Transportation Company Commander

1 Ass’t Political Indoctrination Officer

20 Jr Lts: 2 Cashiers (Finance Section)

1 Food Supply Section Warehouse Officer

6 Food Supply Section Officers

2 Ammo, Wpns, Clothing Section Warehouse Officer

6 Ammo, Wpns, Clothing Section Officers

3 Transportation Platoon Leaders

140 EM　Transportation Company

12 EM　　Signal Squad

12 EM　　Guard Squad

10 EM　　Supply Platoon

1 EM　　Chief Clerk

The functions of the various sections correspond to those of the regular line regiment supply section. The section was authorized 6 trucks and 64 horse-carts. However, only three Russian trucks and 45 horse carts were issued. The trucks were similar to the GAZ-51 in the Soviet Army manual.

Division Medical Section: 31 Officers – 205 EM

The division medical section is similar in organization to the line regiment medical section but it is larger and has a greater area of responsibility.

2 Lt Cols: 1 Chief of Medical Section

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

3 Majors: 1 Ass’t Chief of Medical Section

1 Ass’t Political Indoctrination Officer

1 Administrative Officer

3 Capts: 1 Chief of Medical Services

1 Chief of Surgery

1 Chief of Veterinary Services

11 Sr Lts: 3 Internal Medical Officers

3 Surgeons

3 Veterinaries

1 Stretcher Company Commander

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

8 Lts: 　　3 Internes

3 Pharmacists

1 Political Indoctrination Officer

1 Ass’t Stretcher Company Commander

4 Jr Lts:　1 First Aid Platoon Leader

3 Stretcher Platoon Leaders

30 EM　　First Aid Platoon

140 EM　 Stretcher Company

35 EM　　Administration Section

The first aid secntion in the regular line regiment is of section size. On division level it is a platoon. The stretcher unit is platoon size on regimental level and company size on division level. The division medical section operated the division aid and collecting stations and with the approval of the division commander, evacuated patients to Army and field Army hospitals. Patients who were evacuated without the permission of the division commander were rejected by the higher echelon hospitals. Evacuation facilities were furnished by the transportation company of the division supply section.

Division Signal Company

Organization and strength similar to that of a rifle company. The signal company consists of an administrative platoon, radio platoon, wire platoon and an infantry signal platoon.

Radio Platoon:

The radio platoon was equipped with three radios which were carried on the backs of personnel. It is believed that the radios were Russian but no accurate description could be obtained. Radios were not used for ordinary communication but for emergency use only. For normal communication facilities, see chart 16.

Wire Platoon:

Responsible for the establishment and maintenance of wire communication between division and the infantry units. In the CCF it is always the responsibility of the higher echelon to establish communication to the lower units. There were approx 130 telephones under the control of this platoon. All phones and switchboards were U.S. or Japanese.

Infantry Signal Platoon:

The Infantry signal platoon consisted of three squads of rifleman whose primary duty was that of a messenger.

Division Engineer Battalion

Ranks and number of personnel similar to that of a rifle battalion. The battalion consisted of an administrative platoon and three engineer companies. Each company was equipped with two or three mine detectors (type unknown) and pioneer tools. No heavy equipment was available to the battalion. If there was an occasion to use river crossing equipment, etc., it was supplied directly from Army.

Division Artillery Battalion

Ranks and number of personnel similar to that of a rifle battalion. Two of the three companies were equipped with Japanese 75mm mountain guns, Model 94 (1934). Three guns per company. The other company was equipped with 3 X 45mm AT guns, U.S. made. These 45mm guns were captured from the Nationalist Army and PW was positive that they were U.S. made. Each artillery platoon also contains one infantry sub-squad 3 – 4 men.

Division Guard Battalion

The guard battalion is similar in organization and equipment to the rifle battalion. Responsible for security within the division headquarters units.

General: Numerical identity is kept secret in division exactly the same way as within the regiment, by redesignation for each command. However, the authority for redesignating the division is the Army commander.

Political Indoctrination System CCF

Division:

The division system is headed by a Major General whose title is Secretary of the Divisional Party Committee. This political secretary is actually the division commander even though another person has that title. Before the division commander can publish an order of any kind it must have the approval of the political secretary. If the order does not conflict with Party policy, it is published. If it does conflict, the political secretary has the authority to completely reject the order or to change it so that it does follow the Party policy.

The political secretary receives instructions from higher headquarters. These instructions are not detailed. They outline a policy to be followed and it is the responsibility of the political secretary and the Divisional Party Committee to make a detailed plan of instruction for the division.

The Divisional Party Committee is made up of the political secretary and one political advisor from each of the subordinate units in the division. These representatives from lower units are appointed by the Army Political Committee, thereby keeping control of the division away from the division tactical commander. The political secretary is also appointed by the Army Committee and has under his control about 13 or 16 men who act as committee members with the political advisors from subordinate units. These 13 or 16 men are elected by the party members of the division. Non-party members of the division are not eligible to vote for committee members.

The Divisional Party Committee is divided into the following:

Political secretary

Organization Committee (3 or 4 members)

Security Committee (3 or 4 members)

Cultural and Propaganda Committee (3 or 4 members)

Mobilization Committee (3 or 4 members)

Duties of Members of Committees

Political Secretary:

To receive instructions from the Army Committee, discuss them with the Division Committee and to issue the orders to subordinate political indoctrination officers.

To assign Communist Party recruiting quotas to lower units in accordance with figures issued by the Army Committee.

To decide, in conference with the general committee, all cases involving awards for meritorious service or punishment for deviation from party policies by individuals in the division.

To pass judgement on applications for admittance to the party from all lieutenants and senior lieutenants. Persons below the rank of lieutenant may be admitted by regimental commanders. Persons with the rank of captain or higher must be admitted by Army or higher authority.

To authorize promotions of lieutenants and senior lieutenants.

There are three classes of distinguished service in the CCF. 1st class, 2nd class and 3rd class. Each of the three classes are in turn divided into three grades. Awards may be given by the regimental political officer for 1st class distinguished service. The division political secretary awards 2nd class service and cases of 3rd class distinguished service are referred to Army.

To approve elected battalion political officers. If the elected persons record is unsatisfactory it is within the jurisdiction of the political secretary to disapprove the election.

To approve special cases of admission to the Communist Party such as in the case of a large land owner or the son of a family which is considered to be pro-capitalist.

Organization Committee:

To maintain an equal distribution of Communist Party members within the units of the division. It was desired that at least 70% of every unit be Communist with the ultimate goal that all units would be 100% pro-communists.

To establish the time and place of divisional committee meeting, prepare the agenda and to keep minutes of each meeting.

To maintain a file of all documents concerning political affairs of the division and to keep an up to date record of progress of each of the sub-committees.

Security Committee:

To maintain political security within the division by constant observation of party members. Members deviating from the party line are detected and reported to the general committee.

Cultural and Propaganda Committee:

To establish and maintain a cultural, propaganda and recreation program for the division.

Mobilization Committee:

To establish and maintain harmony between the CCF and civilian population.

To report, in writing to the political secretary, any breach of discipline within the party.

General: Although the size and authority of other units’ political organization vary from those of the division, their function is similar. During the course of the explanation of the political system, the PW emphasized that if a method could be devised to destroy the political system, the CCF would lose all tactical efficiency and would merely be a confused mob. All discipline, tactical control, etc., are regulated by the political system.

The 43rd Army campaigns are:

Apr 47 – LAOFULING (■■■) campaign

Jun 47 – TIENKANG (天■) campaign

Feb 48 – WUCHATZU (五■■) campaign

Feb 43 – CHILIN (吉林) campaign

Jun-Jul 48 – CHANGCHUN (長春) campaign

May 49 – YANGTZE River (楊子江) campaign

The iron and steel brigade is a title which may be given to any combat unit in the CCF. A unit which has displayed extreme bravery or other outstanding service in combat may, in one of the two following manners, be designated as an iron and steel brigade:

After a major engagement the political committee of a regiment may recommend that its regiment be designated an iron and steel brigade. Recommendation is made to the division political committee. The final decision rests with the division political secretary.

The second and most common methods of obtaining the designation is for the Army Commander to present the iron and steel brigade colors to the division commander prior to an expected engagement. The division commander, in turn, calls in the regimental commanders and informs them that the Army Commander has honored them by presenting the flag and that it depends upon the combat actions of the regiments to determine who will receive the flag. The regimental commanders then encourage their troops to fight well in order to receive the award.

It a unit is once given the designation “Iron and Steel Brigade,” it retains the designation until such time as it is inactivated.

CHENCHOU-HSIEN (鄭州縣), CHINA

The entire 15th Division, made up entirely of Koreans, was transferred to KOREA.

The CCF draws upon local defense and security units when replacements are needed in the Army.

No Soviet advisers were observed, however, the PW heard that they were to be attached to the CCF in 1950.

A major of the captured Nationalist troops were absorbed into the ranks of the CCF. A few were indoctrinated by the political officers and then sent to their home areas to spread the Communist doctrine. All weapons and equipment which were captured were used immediately.

Troops were fed two meals a day from November to April and three meals a day from May to October. Meals varied in consistency depending upon locality. Sometimes the basic food was rice, wheat, barley, corn or millet. One kilogram of these basic foods was given to each man each day. In order to supplement the basic foods, radishes, cabbage, carrots, onions, etc., were purchased. Twice a week about 300 grams of port was issued to each man.

The yearly clothing issue for soldiers of the CCF was as follows:

1 pr　winter under wear, cotton

1 ea　winter uniform, cotton padded

1 ea　over coat

2 ea　summer uniforms

1 ea　winter cap, field, w/ear flaps

1 ea　summer cap, field, w/ear flaps

1 pr　gloves

1 pr　gaiters

1 pr　winter shoes (cotton stuffed)

6 pr　summer shoes

1 pr　winter socks

2 ea　towels

The propaganda and political system in CHINA and the CCF is directly under the control of MAO, TSE TUNG (毛澤東) whose title is Chief, Central Committee, CHINA Peoples Republic. The propaganda program is broken down to a general chief of the political party and a military overall commander. The chief of the political party is a civilian named LIU, SHAO KO (劉少■), the military commander is General CHU, TE (朱德). LIU, SHAO KO has the title of Secretary, Communist Party Committee of CHINA Peoples Republic. CHU DUH has the title of General Commander Peoples Liberation Army, CHINA Peoples Republic.

There are four other lower committees which compose the top level planning board for the propaganda program.

When General CHU wished to issue orders concerning propaganda, they first had to have the approval of all of these committees besides the approval of MAO. After being approved, they followed normal command channels to the lower echelons.

Subjects taught in the Propaganda program were:

Domestic and foreign trade and political affairs.

Mutual aid between village farmers and city factory workers.

Cooperation between labor and capital.

Mutual financial aid between private concerns and government operated agencies.

In order to keep this system of mutual aid always before the people, the Chinese Peoples’ Republic national flag contains five stars. The arrangement and meaning of the stars is as follows:

ALL STARS ARE RED. THE FLAG IS WHITE.

The large star in the corner of the flag is twice as large as the small stars and stands for the Chinese Peoples’ Republic. The other four stars, from top to bottom, mean:

Factory workers class

Farm workers class

Small business class

Big business class

By placing these four stars together on the national flag, the government believes that it will bring closer cooperation from these classes of people.

Within the military propaganda program, the following are the principle items:

Cooperation between the military and civilian classes.

Soldiers are taught to be tolerant and to be careful not to abuse the civilians in any way.

Respect for Personal Property:

It is strictly prohibited in Communist society to do anything for personal gain. Troops are taught not to steal nor to bribe or take bribes for personal gain. Under this heading also falls the instruction concerning appropriation of civilian items for Army use. Nothing should be taken without commands from proper authorities.

Cooperation of all Military Personnel:

This is subject is mainly for the purpose of keeping under control the persons who are not full-fledged Communist Party members. Assignments are made so that a man, whose party affiliations are questionable, is always under observation by a Communist Party member. In order to keep the Communist Party always before the troops, the Army uses the Communist Party flag which is designed as follows:

The flag is read and the hammer and sickle are yellow. The red background stands for the blood which flowed during the Communist liberation of CHINA and the yellow hammer and sickle are symbols of the working class.

The attitude of the various classes of people differed toward the CCF. The farmers liked the CCF due to the land reform program. However, they thought that the factory worker was being favored by CCF policies. All businessmen dislike the CCF because they fear that their business will sooner or later be confiscated by the Communist government. One factor which everyone dislikes is the Communist tax system. Under Nationalist rules there were many different types of taxes. Under Communist rule the types of taxes are fewer but the overall tax rate is much higher.

Winter Schedule: (Nov – Apr)

0600 Reveille

0700 – 0800　Political or Physical Training

0800 – 0900　Breakfast

0900 – 1200　Training (Political or Military)

Training for Summer Operations

1200 – 1300　Sick Call and rest

1300 – 1500　Training

1500 – 1600　Rest

1600 – 1700　Supper

1700 – 1800　Recreation

1800 – 1900　Roll Call

2000　　　　　Taps

Summer Schedule: (May – Oct)

0430　　　　　Reveille

0500 – 0700　Political or Physical Training

0700 – 0800　Breakfast

0800 – 1200　Training (Political or Military)

Training for Winter Operations

1200 – 1300　Lunch

1300 – 1400　Sick Call and rest

1400 – 1500　Rest

1500 – 1700　Training

1700 – 1800　Rest

1800 – 1900　Supper

1900 – 2000　Recreation

2000 – 2100　Roll Call

2100　　　　　Taps

The training week is divided into two periods. The first three days are for political training and the last three days are for tactical. The training schedule therefore reflects the military or political during training hours.

One day each week, the Communist Party members of an organization are given special training. Without being told in advance, they are assembled. The non-Communists continue on the regular schedule and are not supposed to know what the Communists are doing. Training is as follow:

Discussion of each party member’s activities in the past week. Depending on this discussion, plans are made for the next week’s activities. This method of discussion is highly regarded by Communist society. All members of the party are supposed to attend the debate. If a member is absent from the debate three times, without proper authority, he is dropped from the party rolls.

WU (FNU) (吳), Chinese, Political Committee Member - 467th Regt (Colonel), 40, Height: 165 cm, Weight: 62 kg, Build: Medium, Wears glasses, Married – 2 children, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan ‘50.

KAO (FNU) (高), Chinese, Ass’t Political Committee Member - 467th Regt (Lt Col), 30, Height: 160cm, Weight: 60 kg, Build: Medium, Pock-marked forehead, Married, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌) CHINA Jan ‘50.

LIU, Shao Ko (劉少■), Chinese, Communist Party Secretary,

CHEN, Chien (陳晉), Chinese, Ass’t Chief Chinese Communist Party.

Lin, Piao (林彪), Chinese, 4th Field Army CG, 40 – 50, Height: 160 cm, Weight: Over 70 kg, Build: Stout, Married – 2 children (hearsay), Last Seen: WUCHANG (武昌), CHINA Jan ‘50.

FENG, Te Huai (彭德懷), Chinese, 1st Field Army CG.

LIU, Po Cheng (劉伯承), Chinese, 2nd Field Army CG.

CHEN, I (陳儀), Chinese, 3rd Field Army CG.

CHOU, Pao Chung (周寶種), Chinese, Ass’t 4th Field Army CO – Chief – CHILIN Prefecture, 30, Height: 5’7”, Weight: 170 kg, Build: Stout, Pock-marked face, Married, Last Seen: TIENKANG (天崗), MANCHURIA Jun 47.

TENG, Ko Ming (鄧克明), Chinese, 156th Div CG (Major General), 55 –56, Height: 150 cm, Weight: 70 kg, Build: Very fat, Married, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

CHANG, Lo (張■), Chinese, Chief of Staff – 127 Div (Sr Col). 35, Height: 160 cm, Weight: 65 kg, Build: Medium, Wears glasses, Single, Last Seen: CHIUCHIANG (九江), CHINA May 49.

LI, Ping Yeh (李平野), Chinese, Commander 467th Regt (Colonel), 40, Height: 160 cm, Weight: 70 kg, Build: Medium, Married – 1 child, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

MENG, Hsien Chin (■■■), Chinese, Chief of Organization Committee - 156th Div (Lt Col), 35, Height: 150 cm, Weight: 60 kg, Thin, Married – No children, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

LIU, Ko (劉■), Chinese, Chief of staff - 467th Regt (Lt Col), 32, Height: 170 cm, Weight: 70 kg, Build: Medium, Fat face, Married – No children, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

CHAO, Teng Hsu (趙登熙), Chinese, Supply Section Chief - 467th Regt (Major), 32, Height: 170 cm, Weight: 70 kg, Build: Stout, Peculiar walk (shakes), Married, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

HUNG (FNU) (洪), Chinese, 43rd Army Commander (Lt Gen), 30, Height: 170 cm, Weight: 65 kg, Build: Medium, Slightly pock-marked, Married, Last Seen: WUHAN (武漢), China Jun 49. PW was sure that the was only thirty years old.

MA (FNU) (馬), Chinese, Ass’s Commander 156th Div (Sr Col), 40, Height: 165 cm, Weight: 70 kg, Build: Fat, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50, Former divisional chief of staff in Nationalist Army.

CHANG (FNU) (張), Chinese, Political Committee Member - 156th Div (Major General), 35, Height: 165 cm, Weight: 65 kg, Build: Stout, Flat wide face, Married, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Aug 49.

WANG (FNU) (王), Chinese, Chief, Local Peoples’ Mobilization Committee, 156th Div, 40, Height: 165 cm, Weight: 75 kg, Fat (Lt Col), Very fat face, Married, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

WU (FNU) (吳), Chinese, Supply Section Chief – 156 Div (Colonel), 40, Height: 155 cm, Weight: 65 kg, Build: Weak, Married – 1 child, Last Seen: NANCHANG (南昌), CHINA Jan 50.

For the Commanding Officer:

Organization Chart of Inf. Bn. CCF. Chart – 1

Organization Chart of Inf. Regt. CCF. Chart – 2

Organization Chart of SMG. and Recon. Co. Chart –3

Organization Chart of Guard Co. Chart –

Organization Chart of 45mm A.T. Co. Chart – 5

Organization Chart of 82mm Mortar Co. Chart – 6

Organization Chart of Regtl. Medical Sect. CCF. Chart – 7

Organization Chart of Regtl. Supply Section Chart – 8

Organization Chart of 43rd Army CCF. Chart – 9

Organization Chart of Division Recon. Co. CCF Chart – 10

Organization Chart of Division Sig. Co. Chart – 11

Organization Chart of Engineer Bn. CCF. Chart – 12

Organization Chart of Division Arty. Bn. CCF. Chart – 13

Organization Chart of Supply Section CCF. Chart – 14

Organization Chart of Guard Bn. CCF. Chart – 15

Means of Signal Communication Inf. Div. CCF. Chart – 16

Organization chart of 4th Field Army CCF Chart –17