CONFIDENTIAL
Classification
Control: 5/121
Recd: MAY 6, 1960 1:00 pm
FROM: SEOUL
ACTION: DEPARTMENT 1069
INFO: TOKYO 358, CINCPAC 237
DATE: MAY 5, 5 pm
CINCPAC FOR POLAD.
Within past two days, FonMin Huh Chung twice has conveyed to me his concern at certain aspects political situation which he apparently considers may endanger his efforts restore stability and safeguard security. FonMin dwelt on subject at considerable length during our conversation May 3 (Embtel 1063). He compared present situation with that following liberation 1945 when, he stated, political confusion had given rise many small political parties attempting gain power and control government. At present, Huh emphasized, there are several small groups which are endeavoring create impression they supported by US; in some cases, he explained, these groups composed of coalitions drawn from individuals within “established” parties and new elements from “outside.”
Huh then stated, “just for your information,” that at moment there is “a leader of an established party” who claims US supporting him as head next government. This person, Huh contended, is collecting funds from business firms on basis this claim and is “trying cause political troubles and confusion.” Huh further stated that he knew identity individual who behind student demonstration at that moment being staged in front National Assembly. In response my question, Huh stated this individual not member party of aforementioned leader.
Huh stressed that he personally not concerned with who takes over next government. His sole concern, he insisted, was for fact that such individuals and groups as he had been describing are attempting to exploit present instability and confusion and for this purpose are trying to instigate students to stage further demonstrations. Referring to recent discussions Gen. Magruder with ROK military officers, Huh said that effective measures had already been worked out to prevent Communist infiltration along ROK coastline, and he expressed confidence Internal security problems well provided for. He insisted, however, that danger remains “those politicians” who attempting use students and exploit claimed US support may create another explosive situation.
Huh stated he has own program to bring about “fair and just” political stability in near future. (He did not volunteer details, however.) In his view, however, most important means this end are economic measures to create stable and prosperous livelihood for people, and he noted that cabinet meeting that day devoted to consideration effective measures this connection.
I of course assured Huh it absolutely untrue that any group has US support and that our attitude continues, as it has been in past, be one complete impartiality. We seek maintain friendly contact all loyal political elements, avoiding exclusive or special relationship with any. Although we fully support duly constituted government ROK, we do so not by reason any partisan character but as responsible authority for conduct affairs of government, I emphasized that our sole concern is that there can be free expression will of people through elections held in due course and that we in no sense support any candidate or party. This position, I stated, had been made crystal clear in my public statements and those USG, and I indicated willingness reaffirm if Huh thought useful. I expressed particular regret that any individual political group should claim backing US and stated that if such claims being taken seriously by people, means should be sought to refute. At same time, I noted difficulty of Embassy taking cognizance of such irresponsible allegations, Although I solicited Huh’s views as to what might be done in this connection, he offered no suggestions or comments.
Second occasion on which this matter raised was during my May 4 conversation with Vice FonMin Ch’oe Kyu-Ha (Embtel 1964). In course our discussion number topics, Ch’oe stated FonMin Huh had wished him convey to me his concern with organization of a “National Salvation Youth Association” by Chosun Ilbo “reporter”. Ch’oe rather vague on details and forced rely on what apparently rather sketchy notes, stated that in assessment FonMin's staff, this association is "rather radical" and is planning hold another demonstration May 5 demanding dissolution National Assembly. According to information Huh’s staff, moreover, leader this association “active” among Korean and “foreign” circles Seoul. FonMin Huh, Ch'oe stated, is “gravely concerned” with general problem presented by “progressive” political forces and by “radical tendencies” such as represented by this new organization.
In attempting convey Huh’s views on such matters, Ch’oe emphasized that FonMin constantly aware Communist threat to north and fears that “radical” and “too progressive” movements would be harmful efforts restore stability and resolve pressing economic problems. Ch’oe stated such a development would endanger maintenance national security in face Communist threat.
I inquired whether FonMin’s staff had made any assessment to effect his new association to which he referred being backed by subversive elements. In effort draw Ch’oe out, I also noted that term “progressive” is rather loose and sometimes used to mean anything from pro-Communist to Liberal views. Ch'oe, however, stated that he not informed on such details, but offered as his “hunch” that if “too radical things happen,” ROK will be weakened.
I expressed my appreciation for information which Ch’oe had convoyed, which I said would be useful in connection our efforts provide effective assistance to ROKG’s Internal security problem, I also expressed hope that there would be no further disturbances, noting that in our assessment renewed disturbances would probably have entirely different motivation than those April 19 and 26 which were bona fide demonstrations of people’s will. It important people now return their useful tasks, and we would assume that they wish give government chance establish itself and restore stability, I stated that such influence as we can properly bring to bear on situation would of course be exerted this direction and commented that resumption CEB May 4, its 200th meeting, should have substantial psychological Impact this connection. I stressed, however, that FonMin undoubtedly aware such problems essentially out of our hands and that our influence could only be indirect. Although I expressed doubt propriety at this time any statements by Embassy on specific problem to which FonMin referred, I stated I would keep matter in mind in relation any more general statements Embassy may have occasion make.
Comment: In referring to “a leader of an established party,” Huh in all likelihood had in mind Chang Myon, Although Embassy has no firm information support Huh’s charge, it possible some Chang’s supporters, if not Chang himself, attempting strengthen DP position by insinuating US moral support.
Organization mentioned by Ch’oe clearly “Young Guardians of Republic Party” currently being launched by Ko Chung-Hun, member editorial staff Chosun Ilbo. In public announcement his movement appearing as advertisement, press May 3, Ko advanced argument that existing political leadership discredited and need now to organize “reformist political party of youth by pooling fighting spirit and good sense of brave young men, so as to conduct new politics and establish new society in new country.” At press conference May 4, Ko challenged right present Assembly to amend constitution, Ko, former ROKA officer, variously associated in past with progressive party and other “reformist” groups. Political platform new party vague; on basis several conversations with Embassy officers, however, it evident Ko regards self as potential “Korean Magsaysay.” Ko claims his movement has backing several prominent figures opposition and independent press, as well as number university professors.
Purpose FonMin’s expressions concern this matter not entirely clear. He may be principally concerned with possibility that movement demanding dissolution Assembly will gather strength, a development which could threaten success formula now being worked out by Assembly for basic resolution political crisis and which Huh evidently endorses (Embtel 1051). Possibly he feels Embassy officers have had too much contact with people such as Ko Chung-Hun.
At same time, Huh and his political advisers may be reacting to criticism his “interim administration” which now beginning appear. Pro-DP Gonga Ilbo May 4 reported “political circles” taking issue character Huh’s appointments, including cabinet posts, on grounds failure exclude those who closely associated with Rhee administration. Tonga article also alleges Huh’s government not proceeding vigorously with investigation and elimination political and economic corruption and that Huh being surrounded by “human wall.” Huh not well equipped either by temperament or experience for rough-and-tumble of partisan politics, and it may be he impatient with such criticism, as well as with activities those who oppose manner and means by which he and Assembly attempting restore confidence in government. Moreover, despite his disclaimer, it to be expected on basis their background that Huh (who is by no means congenial with Chang Myon) and his advisers would maneuver to avoid transfer power to opposition, even if Huh himself has no ambition to head next government.
MCCONAUGHY
aem
06/1420