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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2728　18 December 1950

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS FWD #3 0001)　11 December 1950

PW was cooperative. Reliability - good.

6 Jun 46 – Drafted at NANKING into the CNA, 2nd Lt Mar 47. Supply officer 74th Army, 58th Div, 173 Regt. 3 yrs Service.

O/a 10 Jan 49 – Inducted into CCF at HSUCHOW (徐州) following the surrender of CNA Forces. PW was sent to HSU HSIEN (宿縣) for 6 months training and assigned to a “Rehabilitation Regiment.” A major part of this training consisted of an indoctrination course in Communistic Political Training.

O/a 16 Jun 49 – PW was sent to SHANGHAI (上海) and assigned to the 20th Army, 60th Division, 179th Regiment, 2nd Battalion, 2nd Company(Automatic Weapons Company). PW’s duties were teaching the soldiers to read and write and sing. PW remained in SHANGHAI about 1 year. During this year he saw about 100 Russian civilians, both male and female, come to SHANGHAI to confer with top Chinese Communist leaders. This was also told him by Capt CHEN I Ping (陳益屏) Political Officer, and Capt WANG Shun Piao (王順林), his company commander. This was also published in “The Liberation Daily Newspaper.”

O/a 20 August 50 – Capt WANG Shun Piao (王順林), Company Commander, announced that 2 men would be taken from each company to be sent to paratroop training school. Qualifications for his school were good physical condition, service in the CCF for 6 years, strong communist background, and at least a squad leader. CHEN Ah Ching (陳阿靑), squad leader in PW’s company was chosen for paratroop school. Place of training unknown.

O/a 10 Sep 50 - The 9th Army Group comprised of the 20th Army, 26th Army and 30th army departed SHANGHAI by train enroute to CHOW HSIEN (敠縣), SHANTUNG Province, reaching their destination about 13 September 1950. The 9th Army Group remained in CHOW HSIEN for 14 months undergoing training. All soldiers of the 9th Army Group wore a white cloth patch over the left coat pocket inscribed with red characters which said “Chinese People’s Liberation Army.” On the reverse side of this patch was the soldier’s name, rank, and organization. These patches were ordered removed posed of volunteers. While at CHOW HSIEN they were told that their objective was the Manchurian border, which they were to guard against invasion by the US Army.

O/a 8 Nov 50 – capt CHOW Ning Chuan (周農杆) leader of the Special Service Section was sent to paratroop school, place unknown.

O/a 8 Nov 50 - The 9th Army Group departed CHOW HSIEN in the following order, 20th Army, 27th Army, 26th Army, and 30th Army arriving at CHIAN (輯安), MANCHURIA, 14 Nov 50.

O/a 14 Nov 50 – The 9th Army Group departed CHOW HSIEN in the following order, 20th Army, 26th Army, and 30th Army arriving at CHIAN(輯安), MANCHURIA, 14 Nov 50.

O/a 14 Nov 50 - The 9th Army Group which with the 10th Army Group, the 13th Army Group which with the PW does not know, composed the 3d field Army began moving across the YALU River, at night. The 60th Division spearheaded this advance. PW states that prior to moving out of CHIAN, he heard that the 4th Field Army(8th Route Army) had completed their crossing 14 November 1950 at HSIN YI CHOW (新義州) 60 miles west of CHIAN. This was verified 16 Nov 50 When PW met elements of the 4th Field Army who claimed to have engaged on Troops on two occasions.

O/a 27 Nov 50 – The 20th Army met and encircled elements of the 1st marine Division, 5th and 7th Regiments at KOT’ORI (故土里) and YUDAM-NI (柳澹里). The battle lasted for 5 days and PW estimates the CCF casualties for this period to be 1000 men, 1/3 wounded and 2/3 killed. 2/3 of these casualties were the results of artillery fire and air attack. 1/3 resulted from small arms fire. At the end of 5 days fighting, the 60th Division was withdrawn 10 miles west of KOT'ORI for 2 day rest, being replaced by the 26th, 27th and 30th Army who had moved up from the rear during the fighting. After a 2 day rest, the 179th Regiment took up a position at a road block on the road leading from KOT'ORI to WONSAN(元山) to intercept US reinforcements.

O/a 6 Dec 50 - PW deserted at night walking 11 miles before meeting American troops to surrender.

O/a May 50 PW observed Russian jet propelled fighters flying over SHANGHAI daily in pairs. These fighters were white colored, swept back wings, intake vent in nose of plane. Markings were solid red of the fuselage. (PW observed planes in flight and cannot say whether stars are on top of wing tips. These planes were assumed to be based at LUNG HWA(龍華) Air Base.

The PW is positive that these planes were Russian because of the distinctive insignia to wit:

CCF MARKINGS

(1 August 1922) This is anniversary date and insignia symbolizes the beginning of the war between CNA and CCF.

O/a 10 July 50 - Three CNA single-engined planes evidently based on FORMOSA were attacked at night over SHANGHAI by these Russian Fighters and one CNA planes, was shot down (from description by PW of these CNA planes, it is believed they were American made P-40's)

O/a 9 Nov 50 - PW while enroute to MANCHURIA saw approximately 1 Battalion of Russian soldiers on a train at TIENSIN (天津) CHINA moving South, also on train were about 6 medium tanks, 4 armored cars, and about 2x6 wheel trucks).

O/a 10 Nov 50 - PW saw at SHANHAIKWAN (山海關), CHINA, another battalion of Russian soldiers moving South by train, also with 6 tanks (medium), 4 armored cars, and 2x6 wheeled trucks. Both of the afore going Russian troop movements had no artillery armed with rifles and sub-machine guns.

1 - Northeast Military Commission (MANCHURIA - Chairman KAO KANG (高崗) Part of 4th field Army.

2 - East China Military Commission Headquarters-NANKING, Chairman YAO Shu Shin (鍑潄石) 3d Field Army Area.

3 - Central China Military Commission Headquarters - CHUNGKING (重慶) or HANKOW (漢口) Chairman - General LIN Piao (林彪)

4 - Southwest China Military Commission Headquarters - KUNMING (昆明) Chairman - General LIU Po Cheng (柳伯誠) 2nd Field Army.

5 - Northwest China Military Commission Headquarters - unknown (1st Field Army) Chairman - PANG Teh Huai (訪德瀤)

3d Field Army - 3rd Field (三野)

4th Field Army - 4th Field (四野)

2nd Field Army - 2nd Field (二野)

1st Field Army - 1st Field (一野)

9th Army Group - Unknown

20th Army - Forward Echelon (前鋒部隊)

60th Division - 06 Column (0六支隊)

58th Division - 85 Column (85支隊)

59th Division - 95th Column (95支隊)

89th Division - 87 Column (98支隊)

179th Division - 971 Big (九七一大)

178h Division - 871 Big (0八一大)

180th Regiment – 081 Big (0八一大)

179th Regiment:

1st Bn - 34 Middle (三四中)

2nd Bn - 35 Middle (三五中)

3d Bn - 36 Middle (三六中)

The 4th field Army - Strength approximately 1,000,000 men. (Old 8th Route Army, troops mostly Manchurians).

3rd Field Army - 800,000 men 9th, 10th, 13th Army Groups. Designation of the other two army groups unknown.

20th Army - 40,000 men. 58th, 59th, 60th Divisions.

89th Division attached at SHANGHAI May 50 came from 30th Army.

60th Division 10,000 men - 178th, 179th, 180th Regt.

179th Regiment - 2,500 men. This strength includes Mortar Co, Signal Co (Intelligence), Medical Group, Litter Bearers, Guard Co, Political Section, Operations Section, Administrative Section, Quartermaster Section, and Special Service Group.

Battalion - 500 men - 1st, 2nd 3d Rifle Companies, Automatic Weapons Company.

Company Strength - 125 - 3 Platoons.

Headquarters Platoon - Company Commander, Asst Company Commander, Political Officer, Asst Political Officer, 2 1st Sergeants (1 Finance, 1 Provisions), 6 Kitchen Police, 3 Signal Communication Men, 2 Medical Corpsmen, 2 culture instructors (Teachers), 1 bugler, 1 barber, 12 horse keepers for horses in automatic weapons company.

Platoon - 35

3 Squads - 10 to 15 men per squad

Rifles, Japanese Model 38, American Model 1903, and "CZECHO" Rifles. 40% of 20th Army equipped with M1903 Rifles. Ammunition for "CZECHO" and Japanese Rifles from Japanese Army and CNA. Ammo for Spring fields from CNA. 100 to 200 rounds ammo per man.

Hand Grenades-American, Japanese and Manchurian manufacture, 2 per man.

Heavy Artillery - None.

Mortars - 4 60mm in Automatic Weapons Co. 6 82mm in Heavy Weapons Co.

Flame Throwers - None.

Bazookas - 2 per Regiment, captured from CNA.

Tanks - 6 light American tanks per Army Group but were left in MANCHURIA, Tanks captured from CNA.

Aircraft - None. Chinese Air Force independent Unit, not attached to Army groups.

HMG - 6 in Automatic Weapons Co. 6 squads 1 HMG per squad, 3 squad ammunition bearers, 1 squad horse keepers. HMG's American Model. 303 Canadian. 92 all captured from CNA.

LMG - 9 Per company. American and Japanese captured from CNA.

Sub Machine Guns - 50 per Regiment, captured from CNA.

3d Field Army - CHEN, Yi (陳毅) Commanding General.

9th Army Group - Unknown.

20th Army – Unknown.

60th Division - Major General YU, Ping-Huai (俞炳輝).

179th Regiment - Col CHANG, Chi-Lun (張李倫)

CHANG, Lang (張良) Political Commissar (Equivalent rank of Colonel).

179th Regiment Executive Officer Lt Col WU KO-JU (吳可如)

Ammunition brought up from CHIAN by American attacks captured from CNA to a point approximately 30 miles in rear of the front line, and from there is carried by soldiers on foot (70 lbs per man carried on carrying pole).

Food is foraged from surrounding area, no supplies come up from the rear. No ammunition dumps.

No orderly method of replacement, if a company suffers high casualties, it is withdrawn and a new company sent in. Wounded are sent to MANCHURIA.

Stragglers take refuge in villages, some try to rejoin their outfits.

To push Americans out of KOREA entirely. 3rd Field Army east section of KOREA, 4th Field Army on their right.

40% of CCF does not want to fight, 60% are willing to fight. 2 meals per day, 0500 and 1700 hours, consisting of small Irish potatoes. Both meals same, also parched corn sometimes captured C-Rations.

O/a 25 Nov 50 - PW saw first surrender leaflets dropped from planes, 3 days before the battle at KOT'ORI. PW picked up one and read it, then threw it away because, if caught with a leaflet, CCF troops were put under guard. The leaflet strengthened his desire to surrender.

O/a 1 Dec 50 - PW saw approximately 200 US prisoners, 30 of which were wounded but able to walk. PW saw no violence offered these prisoners by CCF. Where they were sent PW does not know.

When PW left CHINA and crossed the border into KOREA he was confident that the CCF troops would overrun UN Forces by sheer mass but with the cold weather causing frost bites, lack of food and sleep, no arty or air support, he believes that the CCF cannot keep advancing.

CCF troops sleep in villages during day because UN planes do not bomb homes. Travel midway on slope of mt because only the ridge and foot of mts are bombed.

For the Commanding Officer: