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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4337

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS - unnumbered　11 October 1950

PW was very cooperative and intelligent but since the latter part of his stay in China and Manchuria was spent in combat. No current information is available.

15 Aug 45: Discharge from the Japanese they with termination of World War Ⅱ at PEKING (北京), CHINA. Until date of discharge, PW served with the 1890th Unit (North CHINA Expeditionary Army Ordnance Depot.)

15 Aug 45-1 Oct 45: Remained in PEKING as a civilian, was unemployed.

7 Oct 45-11 Oct 45: Confined in a refugee internment center in MUKDEN, MANCHURIA. Enlisted in the Korean Volunteer Army at MUKDEN.

Nov 45-Sep 47: Remained in TONWHA(敦化) MANCHURIA as a member of the CCF.

Sep 47-Mar 48: Remained in P’ANGSHI(磐石), CHI-L’IN Province (吉林省) as a member of the CCF.

Mar 48-Sep 48: Remained in SSUP’ING (四平), MANCHURIA as a member of the CCF.

Sep 48-Dec 48: Remained in CHIN-CHOU (錦州), MANCHURIA as a member of the CCF.

Dec 48-Mar 49: CHUN-LIANG-CH’ENG (軍糧城) 40km N of T’IEN-CHING (天津), MANCHURIA as a member of the CCF.

Mar49-Nov 49: Fought south with the CCP to CANTON (廣東).

Nov 49-Feb 50: Remained in CANTON with the CCF.

Feb 50-Apr 50: Remained in CHENG-CHI (鄭州), HO-NAN (河南) Province, CHINA

Apr 50: Repatriated to North KOREA.

1. TONHWA Pulp mill

Location: Approx 2 km NE RR Station

The TONHWA Pulp mill which was extensively damaged during World War II, was still in disuse and no attempts were being made to reconstruct the plant of the heavy machinery such as pulp mashers remained intact, but most of the smaller machinery, such as electric motors, have been carted away by the Chinese residents of the area. The extensive timber stock have been distributed to the people. There were no indications that the plant would be reconstructed.

2. Power sub-station

Location: 1km N of TONHWA RR Station

The sub-station was a 30 × 10 × 8 meter, one story red brick building with a gabled tile roof. The area was enclosed by a 150 × 150 meter barb wire fence about 1.5 meters high. Interior or technical details of the sub-station is not known. Source of electric power, hearsay, was a thermo-electric power plant in CHIAC-HO (　　). Details of the CHIAC-HO thermo-electric power plant unknown.

3. Ordnance Repair shop　SSUP’ING (四平) Obs: Mar 48-Sep 48

Location: Approx 3 km NW RR station (See attached sketch)

PW frequently observed the above repair shop when he took damaged weapons for repair. The shop was capable of repairing mortars of all calibre as small arms. The shop was not equipped to perform rebore operations of small arms but was capable of making spare parts. Actual potentialities of the shop unknown. All damaged mortars and small arms of the units in the SSUP’ING Area were taken to the shop for repairs. The shop was operated by a civilian proprietor who was reimbursed by the military units for all repair work performed. The shop was in operation about 10 hours per day on one shift and employed about 70 Chinese laborers. Shop equipment consisted of 10 lathes, type unknown, one vertical drill, three grinders, and one scraper. The show also had a cupola furnace with a capacity of about one cubic meter. All machinery was electrically operated. Source of electrical supply unknown. The shop used scrap iron gathered within the SSUP’ING Area. Quantity used unknown. Source or quantity of coke used unknown.

4. Power sub-station　SSUP’ING (四平) Obs: Mar 48

Location: 7 km W of RR station

PW observed the above sub-station once while passing by. The station was the operation. Details unknown.

The city is situated in the heart of a vast expanse of farmland and has no major industrial installation. Prior to the end of World War II, the Japanese operated the huge TONWHA pulp mills which was the mainstay of local economy, but with its destruction, economy of the city has become entirely dependent upon small business enterprises and agriculture.

The population of the city was estimated to be about 45,000 composed entirely of Chinese, with the exception of about 1,000 Koreans and 13 Japanese. There were no foreign nationals with the exception of the latter two races. There was much friction between the Chinese and Koreans during the period immediately following the capitulation of the Japanese, but with the subsequent domination by the Chinese Communist Government, relationship between the two groups have improved to the extent that the people freely intermarry.

Approximately 80% of the people were engaged in business catering, principally to farmers in the outlying districts. The remaining 20% of the people were laborers and railroad and municipal employees. All of the influential or important positions were occupied by the Chinese. The population is remained stable since the termination of the war.

All of the principal administrative positions were filled by personnel dispatched from the Chinese Communist government. No local citizens ever held positions of any importance. Actual administration was conducted by a branch of the Chinese Communist Party composed largely of “imported” personnel. The municipal government actively supported private enterprises.

Since the termination of the World War II, no progress has been made in health and sanitation. The people have been encouraged to receive innoculation injections for typhoid and typhus, but only a minor part of the population complied. Consequently, there was an epidemic of typhus in early 1947, which lasted several months. The most prevalent diseases in this area were typhus, typhoid in para-typhoid.

The people were not permitted to travel outside of the perimeter of their village without authorization from the village office. This was not strictly enforced if the distance of travel was not unusual far. Travel authorizations were not standardized and were written with brushed giving name, period of validity, destination, purpose of travel, issuing office and official stamp of the issuing office. Phraseology of the authorization was not standardized.

Living quarters were adequate and there were a large number of privately operated hotels and lodging houses. There were no restrictions governing the construction of homes or the real estate business. Most of the houses were constructed of most stucco. Except for the extremely poor, living quarters were not overcrowded.

The people were permitted to worship freely, but religious activities were not supported by the government. There were instances when temples were dismantled because the priests committed some crime. Approx 7% of the people were Christians in the remainder Buddhists. There was no noticeable discrimination against the Christians, the people are extremely nationalistic and the communist regime has been encouraging the rise of nationalism. The textbooks of the national schools are filled with the history of China and advocate nationalism along with friendship towards Russia. The Chinese think of China as an independent state and PW believes that the people will never consent to Russian domination.

It is generally accepted among the people that World War Ⅲ could be averted if Russia should acquire sufficient military might to stave off any imperialistic designs of the capitalistic nations. The people are weary of war and would never willingly participate in any conflict.

The morale of the laboring classes have risen considerably since the defeat of the nationalists but those of the wealthier class have become somewhat discontented because business enterprises have become fewer and they were spending their capital with little or no profits.

Name: CHU Tok Hae (朱德海)

Age: 40

Race: Korean

Position: Leader of Korean residents in MANCHURIA.

Name: CHU Pao Chung (周保中)

Age: 60

Race: Chinese

Disposition: Present governor of CHILIN SHENG Province, ex-guerrilla leader during Japanese regime.

Name: KAO K’ang (高■)

Age: 60

Race: Chinese

Disposition: Present head of Northeastern Administrative District (MANCHURIA), successor to Gen LIN P’ao (林彪)

Airfield:

Location: 5km N of FF station

There were two parallel runways extending north and south. The runways were constructed of concrete and were 1.5 km long and 20 meters wide. The airfield was located on a level plain. There were no hangars or other fixed installations. The airfield was not in use and the runways had not been destroyed.

For the commanding officer:

SUPIN

Ordnance Repair Shop Obs: Mar 48 - Sep 48

Loc: Approx 3 km NW RR station