795.00/5-3052: Telegram
The Chargé in Korea (Lightner) to the Department of State
secret
niact
Pusan, May 30, 1952-8 p.m. 註01
1200. Rptd info CINCUNC Tokyo EUSAK Advance DIP 222.
I delivered fol ltr President Rhee at 3 p.m. (please note text slightly altered from that submitted earlier):
註02
- 註02
- The last sentence of the text submitted earlier read as follows: “The US Govt also wishes to state that it fully supports the statement which UNCURK discussed with President Rhee on May 29.” The complete text of this earlier version can be found in telegram 1196, from Pusan, May 29, 1952, not printed (795B.00/5-3052).
“Excellency: I have the honor to state that I have been instructed by my govt to inform the Govt of the Republic of Korea that the US Govt has been following closely the current situation in the ROK and that it is its view that martial law shld be lifted immediately in the Pusan area where in the judgment of the CG EUSAK it is not required as a military necessity. The US Govt also wishes to state that it approves the statement
註03 which the UNCURK discussed with Your Excellency on May 29, and is prepared to support it.”
- 註03
- On May 28, UNCURK presented its views to Rhee in a formal statement expressing active interest in the political development of the country, the observance of democratic guarantees, and the maintenance of a constitutional form of government. UNCURK recommended that martial law be lifted in Pusan, and that Assemblymen still under arrest be released so the Assembly could function freely and normally. On May 29, UNCURK released to the public the full text of the statement. A text of the statement and UNCURK’s own view of its position during the political crisis in Korea can be found in UN document A/2187, pp. 12-17.
President commented after reading ltr, “You can tell your govt that martial law will be lifted shortly.” I asked what shortly meant, two days-two weeks. He replied it would be lifted shortly, that might be two minutes or two months.
He said he did not understand why everyone was getting so excited over the situation. I said the record of events that had transpired in the past week was such that impression was being given outside world, including Korea’s friends and well-wishers, that constitutional govt was being threatened. This excited Rhee and he launched into well-known defense his actions as representative will of people. He said, “It will all be revealed” in a very short time in public trials of enemies of democracy. He said two notorious Commie underground agents had been arrested in last few days, that there was great conspiracy afoot, and it was his duty as protector of democracy to take necessary measures. I stated no one had greater interest in taking action against Commie agents than the US and UN but that all it had to go on, except for Rhee’s own statements, was record of actual events taking place. I said I cld not help note that all persons arrested were members of his own opposition in the Natl Assembly and that coincidence of their being traitors was too much to believe. Rhee waxed wroth at this point, stated US and UNCURK were plainly interfering in ROK internal affairs. He referred to UNCURK’s predication of their statement as showing that UNCURK was supporting his enemies. I remarked US had no interest any particular political group or individual; was concerned with principle only. I said there came time when principle of nonintervention had to be weighed against principle of protecting constitutional govt and human rights, I thought present struggle with Commie world had something to do with latter principle; that that principle was involved in UN efforts here in Korea; furthermore, that US and UN had special position in Korea, owing to their participation in the birth of the Republic and in present mil and econ commitments in support of ROK. The President then declaimed that he had spent his life working for democracy, that his sole aim at the present time was to promote democracy and human rights and that in short time “all wld be revealed” and his doubters wld be satisfied. I said I hoped he knew what he was doing but that interference with Natl Assembly, arrest of many members, and rumors of arrests of many more did not jibe with what he had been telling me. I asked what was connection between arrest of two Commies and arrest of Assemblymen. He became sarcastic at this point and said he had made this clear many times but if I still cld not understand he wld repeat. He said many people wld have to be arrested as a result of evidence revealed by arrested Commies which implicated many people including Assemblymen. I remarked that I had understood that some Assemblymen had been arrested for action taken in the Assembly including voting against govt’s proposed constitutional amendments. Rhee said, in effect, this was damn lie. I said I was only going by what UNCURK had informed me he had told them on the 29th. He insisted UNCURK misquoted him. I asked if that meant that all Assemblymen arrested were being charged with Commie conspiracy. He had difficulty [garbled group] he was choking with anger. He accused me of being obtuse and went on to say that he had internal conspiracy to cope with and that he cld not take into account whether accused persons were members of the Assembly or not and that all guilty parties wld be punished. His enemies abroad cld make the most of sitn but it was an internal problem for him to cope with and that outside world had better keep hands off. He said I shld tell my govt that he was working for democracy, that he had to bring traitors to heel, that this was his govt’s problem alone and that if we wld be patient all wld be settled soon.
I think comments on foregoing wld be superfluous.
Lightner